Blundell, Geoffrey G. EEG Measurement. London: Audio, Ltd., n.d.: 001-032, 32 pages (BF 335).
  Training for higher states of consciousness, Discovery of electrical brain activity, EEG rhythms and correlates of altered states, Inferences from complex EEG patterns, EEG Monitor M specifications, Mind Mirror, Example of the use of the Mind Mirror. After only a few hours of meditation practice, there is a long term improvement in the left right symmetry of the EEG patterns. To the author this means that the meditator is adding 'intuitive' capabilities to his mental span.


Blundell, Geoffrey G. Some Notes on Possible Correlates of Patterns and States of Consciousness as Observed on the Mind Mirror EEG. Unpublished, n.d.: 001-010, 10 pages (BF 335).
  This note discusses some typical patterns seen on the Mind Mirror which is used to display brain wave patterns in the left and right hemispheres of the neocortex. In particular 'passive awareness,' 'state 5,' and 'state 6' patterns are illustrated. These are related to meditation and carrying the stillness of meditation over into daily life. The higher states seem to show successively more integration in the brain wave pattern between the two hemispheres.


Blundell, Geoffrey G., and Cade, C. Maxwell. Self Awareness and E.S.R. London: Audio Ltd., n.d.: 001-048, 48 pages (BF 335).
  Biofeedback principle, Stress and autonomic nervous system, Psychosomatic syndrome, Self measurement of neuro physical type, Lesh states, Brain mechanisms, Meditation, Physiology of arousal/relaxation. An electrical skin resistance (ESR) meter indicates the level of arousal of the body because it responds to the autonomic nervous system. A tense body does not have the same ability to access intuition as a relaxed one. Using both biomonitoring, the ESR provides a means of relieving physical and psychological tension.


Cade, C. Maxwell, and Coxhead, Nona. The Hierarchy of States. Chapter 5 in: The Awakened Mind. New York: Delacorte Press/Eleanor Friede, 1979: 115-143, 29 pages (BF 319).
  Ordinary knowledge is obtained through the senses and reason, but mystical knowledge is direct and immediate, intuitive rather intellectual knowledge. Associates electrical brain rhythms with nine levels of consciousness: deep sleep, dreaming sleep, hypnagogic state, waking, meditation, lucid awareness, the awakened mind, creativity, illumination, and unity.


Foshay, Arthur W. Intuition and Curriculum. Chapter 4 in: Beyond the Scientific: A Comprehensive View of Consciousness. Edited by Arthur W. Foshay and Irving Morrissett. Boulder, Colorado: Social Science Education Consortium, 1978: 075-092, 18 pages (BF 311).
  The nature of intuition, Intuition in curriculum planning, Two hierarchies of knowledge in the social studies, The peculiar need for intuition in the social studies, Conditions for intuition, Putting intuition into the curriculum, Reading , Writing, Mathematics, History, Geography, Science, The arts, Intuition and basic skills, Core curriculum revisited, In summary.


Green, Elmer, and Green, Alyce. The Field of Mind Theory. Chapter 14: Beyond Biofeedback. New York: Delacorte Press/S. Lawrence, 1977: 299-315, 37 pages (BF 319).
  Presents an "anatomy of a psyche" in seven levels: E1 - dense and etheric physical, E2 - emotional, E3 - mental, E4 - intuitional, E5 - overmind, E6 - lower supermind, and E7 - higher supermind. The first three are personal (cosmic), and the higher four are transpersonal (universal). The sub-conscious mind corresponds to E1 and 2, the conscious to E3, the unconscious to E3 and 4, and the super conscious to E5 and above.


Grof, Stanislav. The Holotropic Mind: The Three Levels of Human Consciousness and How They Shape Our Lives. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1992: 001-226, 226 pages (BF 315).
  Challenging the Newtonian universe (New dimensions of consciousness), Perinatal matrices (Wholeness and amniotic universe, Expulsion from paradise, Death rebirth struggle, Death and rebirth experience), Transpersonal paradigm (Over view, Journeys beyond physical boundaries, Across borders of time, Beyond a shared reality, Psychoid experiences), Implications (New perspectives).
___. Breakthroughs to New Dimensions of Consciousness. Chapter 1 in Part 1 Challenging the Newtonian Universe in: Ibid.: 003-030, 28 pages.
  Universe as machine, Consciousness and cosmos, Implicate order, Search for the hidden order, Revolution in consciousness, Everyday reality, At the cutting edge, Unveiling mysteries of infancy, Keys to our destiny, Journeys inward. Within the last three decades, science has presented new discoveries that suggest human capabilities quite beyond anything we previously even imagined.
___. New Perspectives on Reality and Human Nature. Chapter 11 in Part 4 Implications for a New Psychology of Being in: Ibid.: 201-221, 21 pages.
  Human consciousness and its relationship to matter, Nature of emotional and psychosomatic disorders, Psychotherapy and healing practices, Roots of human violence and global crisis, Tyranny of shadow self, Echoes and reflections of hell. It is my belief that a movement in the direction of a fuller awareness of our unconscious mind will vastly increase our chances of planetary survival.


Hill, Oliver W. Intuition: Inferential Heuristic or Epistemic Mode? Imagination, Cognition, and Personality. 1987-88; 7 (2 ): 137-154, 18 pages (BF 311).
  Evaluates psychological concepts of intuition. Of the many definitions of intuition, two extremes emerge. One holds intuition to be an inferential heuristic, and the other a cognitive mode capable of immediate, non inferential, holistic processing. Three inventories were administered that purport to measure intuition. Results indicate that intuition is not completely reducible to inference.


Himalayan International Institute. 31 and 61 Points: A Technique for Health and Relaxation. Honesdale, Pennsylvania: Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy, 1990: Audio recording, 40 minutes (BF 335).
  While there are many techniques for achieving relaxation of the body and numerous methods for focusing the mind, the 61 Points Exercise is unique in that it combines these two endeavors into a single, powerful technique that guides the practitioner to a peaceful one pointed, inward focus of the mind.


Jaynes, Julian. The Problem of Consciousness. Introduction in: The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976: 001-018, 18 pages (BF 311).
  Consciousness as a property of matter, Consciousness as a property of protoplasm, Consciousness as learning, Consciousness as a metaphysical imposition, the helpless spectator theory, Emergent evolution, Behaviorism, Consciousness as the reticular activating system.
___. The Consciousness of Consciousness. Chapter 1 in Book I in: Ibid.: 021-047, 27 pages.
  The extensiveness of consciousness, Consciousness not a copy of experience, Consciousness not necessary for concepts, Consciousness not necessary for learning, Consciousness not necessary for thinking, Consciousness not necessary for reason, The location of consciousness, Is consciousness necessary?
___. Consciousness. Chapter 2 in Book I in: Ibid.: 048-066, 19 pages.
  Metaphor and language, Understanding as metaphor, The metaphor language of mind, Paraphiers and paraphranads, The features of consciousness (Spatialization, Excerption, The analog "I," The metaphor "me," Narratization, Conciliation).
___. Gods, Graves, and Idols. Chapter 1 in Book II in: Ibid.: 149-175, 27 pages.
  The house of gods (From Jericho to Ur, A Hittite variation, Olmec and Maya, Andean civilizations, The golden real m of the Incas), The living dead, Idols that speak (Figurines, A theory of idols, The speech of idols).
___. The Moral Consciousness of the Khabiru. Chapter 6 in Book II in: Ibid.: 293-313, 21 pages.
  Amos and Ecclesiastes compared, Some observations on the Pentateuch, The loss of the visual components, Inconsistency between persons, Inconsistency within persons, Divination by gods, The book of I Samuel, The idols of the Khabiru, The last of the nabiim,.
___. Vestiges of the Bicameral Mind in the Modern World. Book III in: Ibid.: 317-446, 129 pages.
  The quest for authorization (The oracle at Delphi, The general bicameral paradigm, Other oracles, The six oracular terms, Sibyls, A revival of idols), Of prophets and possession (Induced possession, Negatory possession, Possession in the modern world, Glossolalia), Of poetry and music (Poetry and music, The nature of music, Poetry and possession, A homily on Thamyris), Hypnosis (The paraphrands of Newtonian forces, The changing nature of hypnotic man, The Induction, Trance and paralogic compliance, The hypnotist as authorization, Evidence for the bicameral theory of hypnosis, Objection: does hypnosis exist?), Schizophrenia (The evidence in history, The difficulties of the problem, Hallucinations, The erosion of the analog "I," The dissolution of mind space, The failure of narratization, Body image boundary disturbance, The advantages o f schizophrenia, The neurology of schizophrenia), The auguries of science.


Kuhn, Alfred. RVSR: The Complementarity of Right and Left. Chapter 2 in: Beyond the Scientific: A Comprehensive View of Consciousness. Edited by Arthur W. Foshay and Irving Morrissett. Boulder, Colorado: Social Science Education Consortium, 1978: 031-053, 23 pages (BF 311).
  The nature of learning, Random variation and selective retention, The relationship between left and right brain learning, A model of the relationship. Intuition, Concept learning, Teaching, Modes of learning versus contexts and stages of learning, On the legitimacy of the intuitive mode, Classroom applications, Some final thoughts.


Lilly, John C. Second Trip to Chile: States of Consciousness Defined. Chapter 11 in: The Center of the Cyclone: An Autobiography of Inner Space. New York: Bantam Books, 1972: 155-165, 11 pages (BF 311).
  Nine levels of consciousness: Spiritual center above head, Mental center in the head, Emotional center in the chest, Moving center in the lower belly (State 24), Neutral biocomputer (State 48), Slightly too much alcohol, Intense migraine attack, Point source of consciousness, Deepest hell.
___. State 48: The Human Biocomputer. Chapter 13 in: Ibid.: 173-183, 11 pages.
  Level 48 is that state of consciousness in which one is operating his biocomputer completely rationally, without either positive or negative emotion. The emotions are in a neutral state, but the energy can be high. At this level, one is absorbing data, programs, or metaprograms. One is inserting new metaprograms or ideas into the storage banks of one's biocomputer. This is the level for creative thought.
___. State + 24: The Basic Professional State. Chapter 14 in: Ibid.: 184-188, 5 pages.
  Level + 24 is the professional state because here one needs no new information; one needs only to practice one's profession. Profession includes all human activities that a person knows very well in his own right and that he can do without creating new metaprograms, programs, or ideas. On level + 24, one practices ; one does what one does best.


Mishlove, Jeffrey. The Roots of Consciousness: The Classic Encyclopedia of Consciousness Studies. Revised ed. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Council Oaks Books, 1993 pages (BF 354).
  History of consciousness exploration (Shamanism, Ancient traditions, Hermeticism, Islamic, Medieval, Renaissance, Enlightenment), Folklore of consciousness exploration (Astrology, Astral production, Healing, Spiritual anatomy, Higher intelligence, Other worlds, Life death, Mind over matter , Psionics), Scientific exploration of consciousness (To err is human, ESP, Psychokinesis, Psionics, Scientific controls, Psi research), Theories of consciousness (Biological, Ecology of consciousness, New physics, Reflexive universe) Appendix: Conscious - A Hyperspace view.
___. History of Consciousness Exploration. Section 1 in: Ibid.: 029-062, 34 pages.
  Shamanistic traditions, Ancient Mesopotania, Ancient India, Ancient China, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient Hebrews and early Christians, Hermeticism, Islamic explorations, Medieval explorations, Renaissance explorations, Age of Enlightenment. The peoples of prehistoric and primitive cultures have laid the groundwork for modern consciousness exploration. We find that return to the wilderness has been used throughout history to explore the deeper levels of the psyche.
___. Folklore of Consciousness Exploration. Section 2 in: Ibid.: 063-240, 178 pages.
  Astrology, Astral production and out of body experiences, Healing, Spiritual anatomy, Communication with higher intelligence, Other worlds, Life within death - death within life, Unusual powers of mind over matter, Psionics practical application of psychic awareness, Some concluding thoughts about folklore. There is an ironic boundary separating the worlds of science and folklore. While folklore carries little or no scientific weight, science, without folklore, has little or no real meaning. This is most evident in the writings of certain critics of psi research.
___. Scientific Exploration of Consciousness. Section 3 in: Ibid.: 241-298, 58 pages.
  Introduction, The problem of consciousness, To err is human, Extrasensory perception - ESP, Psychokinesis, Psionics practical applications of psychic awareness, Proper scientific controls for ESP experimentation, Evaluating psi research. We lack a theory of consciousness. Our ability to integrate psi into our scientific world view is extremely limited until we can develop adequate theories of the fundamental constituents of the universe.
___. Theories of Consciousness. Section 4 in: Ibid.: 299-326, 28 pages.
  Introduction, The biological experience, Ecology of consciousness, Challenges to the biological identify of the mind, Consciousness and the new physics, Reflexive universe. There have been many recent efforts to develop theories of psi. While data has been accumulated to support some theories, they are all inherently unsatisfactory. A theory of psi cannot be complete without a theory of consciousness and this is what we lack. Yet we are slowly making progress.


Noddings, Nel, and Shore, Paul J. Awakening the Inner Eye. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1984: 001-236, 236 pages (BF 311).
  Intuition: historical and topical development of the concept, The twentieth century, What is intuition? Intuitive modes, Enhancing intuitive modes, Curriculum and instruction: intuitive arrangements and presentations of subject matter, Intuition, love, and education, Recent interest in intuition, Conclusion.
___. Intuition: Historical and Topical Development of the Concept. Chapter 1 in: Ibid.: 001-023, 23 pages.
  Ancient views of intuition, The middle ages, From the Renaissance to the eighteenth century, The nineteenth century, Summary. Few words have occasioned as much confusion as the term intuition. Yet few terms embrace so many promising concepts. The term is not only widely used in common sense language but also in mystical, theological, aesthetic, and technical discussions. We have attempted to lay out a picture of intuition's development as a concept.
___. The Twentieth Century. Chapter 2 in: Ibid.: 024-042, 19 pages.
  Jung and Berne, Philosophical contributions, The Gestaltists, further psychological contributions, Women and intuition, Children and intuition, Intuition in contemporary literature, Analytic philosophy and intuition. Philosophy expresses a wide range of attitudes toward intuition: frank dismissal, implicit or reluctant acceptance, analytical curiosity, and identification of intuition as a fundamental concept in both epistemology and moral philosophy. Special attention will be given to the personal use of intuition in learning and creating.
___. What is Intuition? Chapter 3 in: Ibid.: 043-067, 25 pages.
  The status of Kantian intuition: spirit and letter, Intuition and representation, Intuition as immediate, Intuition and will, Domains of intuition, Intuition and familiarity. We accept the concept of intuition as that capacity of mind that reaches objects of knowledge directly. We also account for the role of motivation and the quest for meaning in intuition. Understanding is properly associated with intuition itself, and intuition provides both Will and reason with representations.
___. Recent Interest in Intuition. Chapter 8 in: Ibid.: 176-201, 26 pages.
  Important surveys of intuition, Organizations concerned with intuition, Intuition and society, Intuition and spirituality, Intuition in two important works. The current writing on intuition suggests a field of study that, despite its ancient and reputable origins, has not yet reached maturity. At present the field is still inchoate and uncertain, sprawling across several disciplines. The long range prospects for the emergence of an accepted serious view of intuition are good.


Ornstein, Robert E. Two Sides of the Brain. Chapter 2 in: The Psychology of Consciousness. 2nd edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977: 016-039, 24 pages (BF 311).
  Neurological studies of the two hemispheres, The two hemispheres in normal people (Brain studies of normal functioning), Two modes of consciousness (Intellectual Intuitive, Day Night, Analytic Gestalt , Lineal Nonlineal, Sequential Simultaneous, Creative Receptive, Masculine Feminine, Causal Synchronicity, Time Eternity, Explicit Tacit, Yang Yin, Verbal Spatial, Focal Diffuse).


Rama, Swami. Energy of Consciousness in the Human Personality. Chapter 15 in: The Metaphors of Consciousness. Edited by Ronald S. Valle and Rold von Eckartsberg. New York: Plenum Press, 1981: 315-324, 10 pages (BF 311).
  The universe is a dance of energies which vibrate at many frequencies. They become the bodies of human beings into which the energy called consciousness comes and is embodied. Of all the flowing energies in the universe, consciousness is the most dominant, the one from whom all the others proceed and into which they all merge. We need to understand how the outward flow of awareness may be reversed so that the intricate dance of the interior energies may become real.


Rasmussen, Henning. Intuitive Leadership: Creativity & Consciousness. Aarhus, Denmark: Paradigma, 1994: 001-131, 131 pages (BF 311).
  Foreword, Introduction, The need for increased consciousness, The evolution of consciousness, Synthesis between East and West, Consciousness, Creativity, The four basic factors of intuition: 1) values, 2) mission, 3) vision, 4) biography, Intuition test, Development of the intuition, Conclusion.


Royce, Joseph R. Cognition and Knowledge: Psychological Epistemology. In: Handbook of Perception: Historical and Philosophical Roots of Perception. Edited by Edward C. Carterette, and Morton P. Friedman. New York: Academic Press, 1974; 1: 149-175 , 27 pages (BF 361).
  Introduction and overview, Three ways of knowing (Thinking, Perceiving, Symbolizing), Cognitive structure, Toward a psychology and philosophy of the weltanschauung. Each of the ways of knowing provides processes of one's cognitive structure on the one hand and the epistemological rules for feedback from the environment on the other.


Tart, Charles T. States of Consciousness and State Specific Sciences. Chapter 5 in Part 1 The Scope of Psychology in: The Nature of Human Consciousness: A Book of Readings. Edited by Robert E. Ornstein. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1973: 041-060, 20 pages (BF 311).
  States of consciousness, States of consciousness and paradigms, Paradigm clash between "straight" and "hip," Nature of knowledge, Essence of scientific method, Observation, Public nature of observation, Theorizing, Observable consequences, State specific sciences, Religion, Relationship between state specific sciences, Individual differences, Problems, Personal perils, Prospects.


Tart, Charles T. States of Consciousness. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1975: 001-297, 297 pages (BF 311).
  The systems approach to consciousness, The components of consciousness, Conservative and radical views, The nature of ordinary consciousness, Discrete states of consciousness, Stabilization of consciousness, Induction of altered states, Subsystems, Individual differences, Using drugs, Observation of internal states. Identity states, Strategies in using systems approach, The depth dimension, State specific communication, State specific sciences, Higher states, As above so below, Ordinary consciousness as illusion, Ways out of illusion.
___. The Systems Approach to States of Consciousness. Chapter 1 in: Ibid.: 003-009, 7 pages.
  To understand a state of consciousness, the author starts with some theoretical postulates. The first postulate is the existence of a basic "attention/awareness." A corollary is the existence of "self awareness," that is the awareness of being aware. Then there are "structures" which are relatively permanent functions of the mind that act on information to transform it in various ways. Finally there is the postulate that attention/awareness acts as "psychological energy" that activates the structures.
___. The Components of Consciousness: Awareness, Energy, Structures. Chapter 2 in: Ibid.: 010-026, 17 pages.
  People use the phrase states of consciousness to describe unusual alternations in the way consciousness functions. This chapter considers some of the experiences people use to judge what states they are in, in order to illustrate the complexity of experience. Then it considers what basic concepts or components are needed to make sense out of this variety of experience.
___. Induction of Altered States: Going to Sleep, Hypnosis, Meditation. Chapter 7 in: Ibid.: 070-087, 18 pages.
  This chapter examines the process of inducing a discrete altered state and then considers its application to three transition from ordinary consciousness: to sleep, to hypnosis, and to meditative states. The topics are Induction operation: Disruption and patterning, Steps in induction process (Going to sleep, Inducing hypnosis), The hypnotic state (Meditation and meditative states), Concentrative meditation, State resulting from concentrative meditation, Opening up meditation.
___. Observation of Internal States. Chapter 11 in: Ibid.: 156-162, 7 pages.
  Observing oneself means that the overall systems must observe itself. In the conservative view of mind, self observation is inherently limited since the part cannot comprehend the whole. In the radical view, in which awareness is partially or wholly independent of brain structure, the possibility exists of an Observer much more independent of the structure. The term "Observer" is a way of referring to an important aspect of experience, a process, but we must not become too attached to the concept of one "thing" separate from and observing another "thing."
___. Identity States. Chapter 12 in: Ibid.: 163-170, 8 pages.
  The rapidly alternating "little egos" or subpersonalities of consciousness are called "identify states." These alternations in functioning are almost never identified as discrete states of consciousness in ordinary people. These rapid, unnoticed transitions between identity states, and their relative isolation from one another, may be the major cause of psychopathology in everyday life. However, the development of an Observer can allow a person considerable access to observing different identity states and diminishing their detrimental effects on behavior and camouflaging of The Intuitive Self.
___. Ways Out of Illusion. Chapter 20 in: Ibid.: 272-286, 15 pages.
  Discriminative awareness offers one way of the "illusion" of ordinary consciousness. This involves paying enough attention to mental processes to distinguish between primary perception and our reactions to it. This skill appears to be rare. But by keeping primary perception and our reactions to it clearly distinguished, we are less likely to project our reactions onto the environment and others or to distort incoming perception to make our perceptions consistent with internal reactions. Developing the skill to do so clears the way for the emergence of The Intuitive Self.


von Eckartsberg, Rolf. Maps of the Mind: The Cartography of Consciousness. Chapter 2 in: The Metaphors of Consciousness. Edited by Ronald S. Valle and Rolf von Eckartsberg. New York: Plenum Press, 1981: 021-093, 73 pages (BF 311).
  Maps and territories, Psychological theories as cognitive maps, Differential psychological theories, Depth psychologists, Height psychologists, Cognitive and information processing models, Field theories, Theo psychologies, The integration of theories (Levels, Embodiment, Emotion, Time, Fantasying, Spontaneous imaging, Everyday thinking, Systematic thinking, Connotative thinking, Ethics, Religion, Psychocosm), Eco psychology.


Weber, Renee. Reflections on David Bohm's Holomovement. Chapter 5 in: The Metaphors of Consciousness. Edited by Ronald S. Valle and Rolf von Eckartsberg. New York: Plenum Press, 1981: 121-140, 20 pages (BF 311).
  Holocosmic paradigm, Methodology, Bohm's holomovement, Dynamic universe, Psychological atom smashing, Domination of three dimensional thought, Multi dimensional consciousness, Historical similarities, Bohm and Kant, Hologram and neurology, Holistic vision, Quantum physical psychology, Field consciousness and ethics, Holocosmos and esoteric traditions, Buddhist versus Aristotelian logic, Holographic logic, Holocosmic ethics.


West, Stanley A. Creativity, Altered States of Awareness, and Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Altered States o f Consciousness. 1976; 2 (3): 219-230, 12 pages (BF 311).
  Relationships are explored among findings in neurophysiology, observations of creativity, and developments in artificial intelligence in order to speculate about sources of creativity and inherent limits to artificial intelligence. There is no need for apologetics about employing intuition while performing the role of scientist; this mode of thought is vital to profound developments in the sciences and humanities. If they aspire to creativity, practitioners of the "hard" sciences are ill advised to exalt their rationality while disparaging the thought modes of social scientists, humanists, or mystics.


Westcott, Malcolm R. Toward a Contemporary Psychology of Intuition: A Historical, Theoretical, and Empirical Inquiry. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968: 001-203, 203 pages (BF 311).
  Philosophical intuitionism (Bergson, Spinoza, Croce), Psychological conceptions of intuition (Continuing controversy, Jung, Psychological nontheorists, Theoretical foundations, On judgment, Mathematicians), Psychological studies of intuition (Judgment of complex behavior, Nonsocial judgments), Psychological concepts and research in the analysis of intuition (Experience, Behavior), An approach to the measurement of intuitive thinking (Measurement, Correlates, Extreme groups), Studies of perceptual inference with children and adults (Measurement, Related problems, Present studies, Correlates), Integration and extrapolation (Altered experiences, Self evident, Alternative psychological intuitionism, Implications).
___. Introduction. In: Ibid.: 001-004, 4 pages.
  Intuition is a term that means many things to many people. It has been described by serious and sober writers as the only certain road to absolute truth, and by other writers, equally serious and sober, as an illusory path to absolute nonsense. All who value the concept hold that the events to which they refer have significant consequences of the individual or society.
___. Philosophical Intuitionism and Its Critics. Chapter 1 in: Ibid.: 005-023, 19 pages.
  Historically the special nature of the event has been progressively reduced. Classical Intuitionism holds that the experience is one of ultimate truth that is antithetical to reason. Contemporary Intuitionism sees it as the immediate apprehension of limited basic truths which are applicable to problems of the intellect. Finally, Inferential Intuitionism rejects both notions of immediate evidence and of truth in favor of probable hypotheses which stand in wait for empirical test.
___. Psychological Conceptions of Intuition. Chapter 2 in: Ibid.: 024-053, 30 pages.
  Intuition as a special case of inference which utilizes cues and associations not ordinarily used has a long but relatively unrecognized history. Intuition as a special road to a special knowing has a more coherent history but has relatively less contemporary status. It is evident that psychologists and other observers of behavior see intuition as a special case of inferential thinking. This is the view explored in the next chapter.
___. Psychological Studies of Intuition. Chapter 3 in: Ibid.: 054-073, 20 pages.
  Empirical studies of intuition in general psychology are few and far between. During the 1930s and 40s, there was a sharp decline in the number of studies listed under 'intuition' in Psychological Abstracts. With the interest in creativity in the 1950s and 60s, there has been a resurgence in interest on the topic. In addition, many of the elements of intuition in earlier conceptions are now incorporated in other areas of psychological study.
___. Psychological Concepts and Research in the Analysis of Intuition. Chapter 4 in: Ibid.: 074-099, 26 pages.
  A working definition is offered to be used in subsequent chapters: intuition can be said to occur when an individual reaches a conclusion on the basis of less explicit information than is ordinarily required to reach that conclusion. This formulation encompasses all the conceptions previously employed by psychologists and the variety or related phenomena not called intuition. The next two chapters explore intuition by means of some of the derivative operations.
___. An Approach to the Measurement of Intuitive Thinking. Chapter 5 in: Ibid.: 100-148, 49 pages.
  Individuals can be characterized along two dimensions: the amount of 'information' they require be fore attempting a problem solution and the 'success' they have in solving the problem. This yields four extremes of performance one of which meets the definition of intuitive thinking and three that contrast to it: little information and highly successful (intuitive thinkers), little and not (wild guessers), excessive and successful (cautious success), excessive and not (cautious failures). Eleven samples of college students were studied.
___. Studies of Perceptual Inference with Children and Adults. Chapter 6 in: Ibid.: 149-177, 29 pages.
  Describes the procedure for measuring 'perceptual inference.' It was derived from the same conceptualizations that were used in Chapter 5. The measures of performance change with age, but are reliable at a point in time and over a period of two years. Correlates of various scores on 'perceptual inference' are discussed one of which was teacher's ratings of 'creativity' which is highly related to the mean score right in three of four samples.
___. Integration and Extrapolation. Chapter 7 in: Ibid.: 178-203, 26 pages.
  The inference view of intuition explores problem solving under conditions of information deprivation. In this situation some individuals solve problems and learn new behavior and others do not. When those that do cannot report how the changes came about, we have intuition. The abilities of intuitive thinking are not predictive of academic success. They flourish in situations where information, explicitness, and redundancy are not available. Society in general and education in particular, does more to stifle than to encourage intuitive thinking.


Wilber, Ken. Introduction: Who Am I? Chapter 1 in: No Boundary: Eastern and Western Approaches to Personal Growth. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1979: 001-014, 14 pages (BF 311).
  "Who are you?" means "Where do you draw the boundary." This boundary line can and frequently does shift. A spectrum of consciousness is presented for understanding the boundaries that we draw: Persona level (Persona, Shadow), Ego level (Ego, Body), Total organism (Total organism, Environment), Unity consciousness (Universe, Transpersonal bands).


Wild, K. W. Intuition. Cambridge, England: The University Press, 1938: 001-233, 233 pages (BF 311).
  Preface, Introduction, Bergson, Spinoza, Croce, Jung, Whitehead, Religious intuition, Moral intuition, Aesthetic intuition, Genius, Teleology, The values, Definitions and descriptions, Conclusion. We face a decline in confidence in reason and a groping after some other more certain method o f approaching the problem of reality. Such a method is intuition.
___. Bergson. Chapter 1 in: Ibid.: 003-017, 15 pages.
  Bergson made the most strenuous philosophical attempt to establish intuition as an independent mental function. Due to man's neglect of intuition, he wanders in a maze of contradictory theories and conclusions. Through intuition man can comprehend the movement of life itself, and be freed from the contradictions which follow from the artificial point of view of intelligence.
___. Spinoza. Chapter 2 in: Ibid.: 018-038, 21 pages.
  Spinoza classified man's thoughts into three kinds, those gained: by himself, from reasoning, by intuition. The last he places highest, and considers it as the only quite satisfactory method for attaining truth. This kind of knowing yields the clearest knowledge of all with no need for hearsay, experience, or reasoning. By his power of penetration, a person sees the truth immediately.
___. Benedetto Croce. Chapter 3 in: Ibid.: 039-049, 11 pages.
  Knowledge has two forms: it is either intuitive or logical; knowledge obtained through the imagination or knowledge obtained through the intellect; knowledge of the individual or knowledge of the universal' of individual things or of the relations between them: it is productive of either images or concepts. Logical knowledge is dependent on intuitive knowledge.
___. Jung. Chapter 4 in: Ibid.: 050-081, 32 pages.
  The mind has three strata: conscious, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. There are four mental functions: thought, feeling, sensation and intuition. Thought and sensation are connected only with the conscious and feeling and intuition with all three strata. Intuition is the function that transmits perception in an unconscious way and perceives one's unconscious processes.
___. Whitehead. Chapter 5 in: Ibid.: 082-095, 14 pages.
  Whitehead has a clear faith that intuition may be relied on, but he realizes that the faculty, like that of the reasoning mind, has it degrees of clearness and importance. One of the main functions of philosophy is to attempt to reconcile intuitions when they conflict and develop them when they are feeble. Conflicting intuitions means that both are true, and we have to find out how that is so.
___. Definitions and Descriptions. Chapter 12 in: Ibid.: 211-225, 15 pages.
  Contains 31 different definitions culled from her studies. The word has been used by thoughtful writers in so many ways that is has no clear meaning outside its immediate context, and often not in it. She groups the definitions so that the more essential differences in meaning stand out. She concludes with four main usages of the term. The evidence points to at least three varieties of immediate knowing.
___. Conclusion. Chapter 13 in: Ibid.: 226-233, 8 pages.
  Two definitions are given for intuition: an immediate awareness and a method of becoming aware without aid from the senses or reason to account for that awareness. In the first case the word is a name for the awareness itself and in the second, for the method of becoming aware. She states 37 conclusions that she has drawn about intuition.


Witkin, Herman A., and Goodenough, Donald R. Field Dependence Revisited. Chapter 2 in: Cognitive styles: Essence and Origins. New York: International Universities Press, 1981: 023-064, 42 pages (BF 311).
  New evidence: cognitive restructuring (Perception of the upright, Spatial dimensions, Spatial and nonspatial dimensions), New evidence: social behavior (Interpersonal autonomy, Interpersonal competencies), Proposals for theory revision (Autonomy of external referents, Interpersonal competencies, FDI as a cognitive style, Cognitive styles, abilities, and intelligence, Mobility-flexibility).
___. Origins of the Field Dependent and Field Independent Cognitive Styles. Chapter 3 in: Ibid.: 065-101, 37 pages.
  Development of FDI, Biological factors (Hormonal, Genetic), Cultural factors (Training, Child rearing practices, Cultural influences), Ecocultural factors (Migratory hunting and sedentary farming economies, Mobile hunting and sedentary farming societies, Historical development of FDI).


Yoga International. Taming the Roller Coaster: How to Glide Through the Workday Unruffled. Yoga International. July/August 1994; 4 (1): Pull out, 6 pages (BF 335).
  Here's how to ride it out: From 5:45 am to 10:00 pm, Holistic techniques: Wake up lemon drink, Nasal wash, Alternate nostril breathing, Meditation, 2-to-1 breathing, Eyestrain buster, Systematic relaxation, Sleep exercise.

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