Belenky, Mary Field; Clinchy, Blythe McVicker; Goldberger, Nancy Rule; and Tarule, Jill Mattuck. Women's Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1986: 001-249, 249 pages (HQ 1206).
  Based on extensive interviews, this book describes the ways of knowing that women learn to value but are neglected and denigrated by the dominant intellectual ethos of this time. Introduction: To the other side of silence, Part I: The ways of knowing (Silence, Listening to the voice of others, The inner voice, The quest for self, The voice of reason, Separate and connected knowledge, Integrating the voices) Part II: Development in context: Families and schools (Family life and the politics of talk, Toward an education for women, Connected teaching) Interview schedule, Educational dialectics.
___. Silence. Chapter 1 in: Ibid.: 023-034, 12 pages.
  Feeling "deaf and dumb," Experiencing disconnection, Obeying the wordless authorities, Maintaining the woman's place, Conceiving the self, Seen but never heard. While the lack of dialogue and the dissociation of language from experience is problematic for all children, concentrating on the written forms of the language before children have developed proficiency in wielding the oral forms is likely to be tragic.
___. Received Knowledge: Listening to the Voice of Others. Chapter 2 in: Ibid.: 035-051, 17 pages.
  Listening as a way of knowing (Listening to friends, Listening to authorities) Comparing men and women as knowers, Entering into the moral community, Conceiving the selfless self. When women discover the limits of received knowing, they can begin to move beyond their tendency to subordinate their own perceptions and judgment to those of others, their selflessness, and their voicelessness.
___. Subjective Knowledge: The Inner Voice. Chapter 3 in: Ibid.: 052-075, 24 pages.
  The emergence of subjective knowing (Women and failed authority, Sexual harassment and abuse, Maternal authority and the woman in transition) Perry's view of men and the shift out of dualism, Hidden multiplists: Stories of advantage women, "Just knowing": The inner expert, Alien expertise. Some women will develop distinctive procedures that may be more characteristic of women than men in our culture for sustaining connection with and promoting understanding of the unknown.
___. Subjective Knowledge: The Quest for Self. Chapter 4 in: Ibid.: 076-086, 11 pages.
  Severance of connections: "Walking away from the past," Concepts of the self, New connections: The role of inward watching and listening. During the period of subjective knowing, women lay down procedures for systematically learning and analyzing experience. What seems distinctive in these women is that their strategies for knowing grow out of their very embeddedness in human relationships and their alertness to the details of everyday life.
___. Procedural Knowledge: The Voice of Reason. Chapter 5 in: Ibid.: 087-099, 11 pages.
  Steps toward procedural knowledge, Aspects of procedural knowledge (Speaking in measured tones, Knowing how, Perspective taking, Objectivity). Procedural knowers are practical problem solvers. Far from will-o'-the-wisps, their feet are planted firmly planted on the ground. They are trying to take control of their lives in a planned, deliberate fashion.
___. Procedural Knowledge: Separate and Connected Knowing. Chapter 6 in: Ibid.: 100-130, 31 pages.
  Separate knowing (Doubting, Listening to reason, Self extrication) Connected knowing (Conversing in the connected mode, Sharing small truths, Refusing to judge, Collaborating in connected knowing groups, Using personal knowledge) Beyond procedural knowledge (Searching for a single voice, Leaving the system). As women move out of procedural knowing, they begin to put more faith in unjustifiable intuitions than they once did. But they do not abandon reason; but they know that it is insufficient.
___. Constructed Knowledge: Integrating the Voices. Chapter 7 in: Ibid.: 131-152, 21 pages.
  Moving outside the given: The reclamation of the self, The position of constructed knowledge, Experts and truth in context, The passionate knower, Real talk, Silence and conflict, Moral imperatives, Commitment and action. What stands out most strongly in narratives of constructivist women is their desire to have "a room of their own," as Virginia Woolf calls it, in a family and community and world that they helped make livable.


Churchman, C. West. The Tradition. Chapter 2 in Part 1 The Systems Approach in: The Systems Approach and Its Enemies. New York: Basic Books, 1979: 029-053, 25 pages (HM 24).
  Origins (The I Ching is the earliest document aiming at a systems approach to decision making. It assumes that the reality of decision making can be compartmentalized into sixty-four basic possibilities. Also refers to the Bhagavad Gita as another early version of the systems approach.), The Kantian synthesis, After Kant - systems versus models, The flight from human values.
___. Religion. Chapter 10 in Part 2 Enemies of the Systems Approach in: Ibid.: 173-187, 15 pages.
  As I was writing this chapter, I had a dream of a fantastic dancer, leaping in beautiful, but often erratic curves (Shiva). Suddenly I was given the vision to perceive his inner body, and there in every limb, muscle, flesh, was to be seen a tiny dancer, making up in his or her leapings and erratic curves, the whole of the dance of the dancer (the holoverse).


Harman, Willis W. Global Mind Change: The Promise of the Last Years of the Twentieth Century. Indianapolis, Indiana: Knowledge Systems, 1988: 001-169, 169 pages (HM 101).
  The scientific heresy: transformation of a society, Consciousness as causal reality, Challenges to positivism and reductionism, The new paradigm in psychology: legitimating the transpersonal, Transforming the world macroproblem, Aspects of the world system change.
___. Consciousness as Causal Reality. Chapter 2 in: Ibid.: 023-039, 17 pages.
  The shaping of the scientific world view, Unspoken assumptions of conventional science, Choose your metaphysic (M-1 materialistic monism, M-2 dualism, M-3 transcendental monism), The plausibility of M-3 dominance.


Harman, Willis W. A New World View. San Francisco: New Dimensions Radio, 1991: Audio recording #2083, 60 minutes (HM 10 1).
  Social scientist and futurist Harman leads us through the historical roots of science and into an ever widening vista of new ways of thinking and perceiving. According to Harman, we are living through one of the most fundamental shifts in history - a change in the actual belief structure of Western industrial society - which points to extraordinary new possibilities for human consciousness.


Hellner, Britt Mari, and Norberg, Astrid. Intuition: Two Caregivers' Descriptions of How They Provide Severely Demented Patients with Loving Care. International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 1994; 38 (4): 327-338, 12 pages (HQ 1060).
  Two expert caregivers were interviewed to understand how they reason when faced with patients in late states of dementia. They were found to use sound knowledge combined with imagination, empathy, and intuition to reach a total grasp of the situation where the patient is regarded as a person with worth, dignity, and integrity.


Hsu, F. L. K. Three Worlds. Chapter 1 in: Clan, Caste, and Club. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1963: 001-011, 163, 172, 205, 14 pages (HM 101).
  Outlines a hypothesis on the basic nature of the Hindu, Chinese, and American ways of life. The Hindu world is super natural centered, as contrasted with the Chinese situation centered world and the American individual centered world. These worlds are deeply separated. Three diagrams contrasting directions of actual life and of ideal life: Chinese, Hindu, American.
___. Culture Pattern and Human Grouping. Chapter 10 in: Ibid.: 232-262, 31 pages.
  Hypothesis and its application (Social organization for Chinese dominated by father son relationship, Hindu by mother son, American b y husband wife), Varieties of human value, Differences between caste in United States and in India, Wider implications.


McKenna, Terence. Shamanism: Setting the Stage. Chapter 1 in: Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge. New York: Bantam Books, 1992: 003-013, 11 pages (HV 5801).
  Shamanism and ordinary religion, Techniques of ecstasy, A world made of language (Shamanic experience argues that the world is actually made of language, Modern linguistics claims reality is not simply 'experienced' or 'reflected' in language, but actually produced by language), Higher dimensional reality, A shamanic meme, Shamanism and the lost archaic world.


Rehm, Jurgen T., and Gadenne, Volker. Intuition, Lay Predictions, and Professional Forecasts. Chapter 1 in: Intuitive Predictions and Professional Forecasts in: Cognitive Processes and Social Consequences. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1990: 001-013, 13 pages (HM 291).
  The role of prediction in daily life, Lay predictions and professional forecasts, Intuition and prediction, The intuitive core of professional forecasts, Or: why do we need a social psychology of prediction? Intuition is used here strictly as a psychological concept. This concept stresses lack of awareness about the rules used for inference. It is characterized by unconscious reasoning which lacks the deliberate use of analytic methods and calculation.
___. The Relevance of Psychological Concepts to the Problem of Prediction. Chapter 4 in: Ibid.: 142-161, 20 pages.
  The credibility of predictions, How to evaluate predictions, Integrating theoretical concepts (Overview of assumptions made, The process of predicting). Heuristic reasoning seems to be biased especially when intuitive cues of causality point to a different direction than normative theories. Several arguments support the reasoning that the effects due to causal reasoning are the most relevant for practical decision making.


Sorokin, Pitirim A. The Reason for the Super Rhythm of Ideational Idealistic Sensate Phases in the Graeco Roman and Western Supersystems of Culture. Chapter 16 in Part 3 Why and How of Sociocultural Change in: Social and Cultural Dynamics. New York: Bedminster Press, 1941: 737-773, 37 pages (HM 101).
  Principles of immanent change and limited possibilities, Inadequacy of main systems of truth as a reason for the super rhythm of Ideational Idealistic Sensate forms, Integral theory of truth and reality, Intuitional truth as the ultimate basis of any science, philosophy, religion, ethics, and art, Intuition as starter of discoveries, inventions, and creative achievements, Return to the argument, Why the order of the phases, The end of the road.
___. The Twilight of Our Sensate Culture and Beyond. Chapter 17 in Part 3 Why and How of Sociocultural Change: Ibid.: 775-779, 5 pages.
  The present status of Western culture and society gives a tragic spectrum of the beginning of the disintegration of their Sensate super system. Ahead lies the thorny road of transition. But beyond it there loom the magnificent peaks of the new Ideational or Idealistic culture as great in its own way as Sensate culture at the climax of its creative genius. In this way the creative mission of Western culture and society will be continued.

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