Bogen, Joseph E. Some Educational Implications of Hemispheric Specialization. Chapter 7 in: The Human Brain. Edited by M. C. Wittrock. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1977: 133-152, 20 pages (QP 376).
  We now understand that the brain is double, in that each cerebral hemisphere is capable of functioning independently in a manner different from the other. How might this new information be applied to the ancient problem of the dichotomous nature of knowing? We commonly employ two different kinds of intelligence or (in a more modern vocabulary) two different sets of information processing rules. This understanding now supported by brain physiology implies that teaching by either lecturing or by imitation affects primarily one or the other hemisphere. This means that teaching solely by example is as open to the charge of one sidedness as would be a curriculum consisting solely of lecture courses.


Bogen, Joseph E. The Dual Brain: Some Historical and Methodological Aspects. In: The Dual Brain: Hemispheric Specialization in Humans. Edited by D. Frank Benson and Eran Zaidel. New York: Guilford Press, 1985: 027-043, 17 pages (QP 385).
  Two crucial facts are stated by the author: 1) It takes only one hemisphere to have a mind. 2) Two hemispheres can sustain the activity of two separate spheres of consciousness following commissurotomy. Bogen believes the really big question is: Does the surgical splitting of the brain create a duality of mind or is it an experimental maneuver that makes it possible to demonstrate duality that was previously present. He believes that the answer is the latter cerebral commissurotomy makes it easier to observe the duality of consciousness in human behavior.


Gazzaniga, Michael S., and LeDous, Joseph E. On the Mechanisms of Mind. Chapter 7 in: The Integrated Mind. New York: Plenum Press, 1978: 141-162, 22 pages (QP 398).
  Split consciousness, Verbal attribution and the sociology of mind, Emotion and consciousness, Why the need for consonance? (Cross cuing, Developmental aspects), The multiple self and free will.


Iaccino, James F. Two Brains, Two Cognitive Styles? Chapter 3 in: Left Brain Right Brain Differences: Inquiries, Evidence, and New Approaches. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1993: 029-048, 20 pages (QP 385).
  The two cognitive modes characterized (The left analytic mode, The right holistic mode) Experimental evidence for the cognitive mode dichotomy (Clinical brain studies, Normal brain studies) Hemisphericity: A reliance on one cognitive style (Individual, Occupational, Cultural, and Educational preferences, Dichotomania) Summary and conclusions.


Lilly, John C. Prefaces to both Editions. In: Programming and Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer. New York: Julian Press, 1967: viii-xxviii, 074-075, 23 pages (QP 376).
  "In the province of the mind, what one believes to be true is true or becomes true, within certain limits to be found experientially and experimentally. These limits are further beliefs to be transcended. In the mind, there are no limits." (p. xii). Levels of the functional organization of the biocomputer are listed in the summary on page 74.


Loye, David. The Sphinx and the Rainbow: Brain, Mind and Future Vision. Boulder, Colorado: Shambhala Publications, 1983: 001-204, 204 pages (QP 376).
  Sphinx and the rainbow, Majesty of the brain, Frontal, left, and right brain, Of time as a river, Of time, space, reason, and intuition, Frontal brain power, Stream of thought, Forecasting brain, Puzzle of precognition, Guesswork of physics, Guesswork of psychology, New psychophysics , Holographic mind, Seer and the holoverse, End of the rainbow, Four appendixes.
___. The Puzzle of Precognition. Chapter 9 in: Ibid.: 094-106, 13 pages.
  First experiments, Beyond "card tricks," The hard science impact, The ultimate heresies of Puthoff and Targ, At the leading edge of science, venturesome men and women have increasingly found reasons to take another look at the buried past of precognition. They ask what kinds of powers of mind were possessed by the prophets and seers of all ancient faiths and walks of life?
___. The Guesswork of Physics. Chapter 10 in: Ibid.: 107-119, 16 pages.
  The increasing paradox, Precognition as a wave, Pre cognition as a particle, Einstein's dilemma. A basic problem with the minds of most of us is that we haven't caught up with Einstein, let alone with what followed him. Despite the familiarity of the work "relativity," few non physicists even today understand what came to pass when Einstein published his work in 1905.
___. The Guesswork of Psychology. Chapter 11 in: Ibid.: 120-132, 13 pages.
  The voyages of Carl Jung, Into the labyrinth of synchronicity. Precognition involves, on the one hand, a mind - the domain of psychology - and on the other, something "out there" which the mind "reads," or from which it receives "messages" - the domain of physics. While modern physics abounds with partial solutions, psychology - with the exception of Carl Jung - has had little to offer.


Luria, A. R. The Frontal Lobes and the Regulation of Behavior. In: Psychophysiology of the Frontal Lobes. Edited by Karl H. Pribram and A. R. Luria. New York: Academic Press, 1973: 003-026, 24 pages (QP 382).
  These data show that the frontal lobes play an essential role in the higher forms of regulating the states of activity. They control the active state of the cortex, which is necessary for the accomplishment of complex tasks, and play an important role also in the execution of intentions that determine the direction of activity and impart to the latter a purposive character. This helps in disclosing the nature of the "derangement of initiative" and "defects of criticism" that psychiatrists describe as resulting from frontal lobe lesions.


MacLean, Paul D. The Triune Brain, Emotion, and Scientific Bias. Chapter 33 in: The Neurosciences: Second Study Program. Editor-in-Chief F. O. Schmitt. New York: Rockefeller University Press, 1970: 336-349, 14 pages (QP 361).
  It is traditional to regard the exact sciences as completely objective. Consciousness, subjectivity, and introspection are treated as though nonexistent. The irony of such attitudes is that every behavior, every observation and interpretation, requires subjective processing by an introspective observer. Logically, there is no way of circumventing this or the more disturbing conclusion that the cold, hard facts of science, like the firm pavement underfoot, are all derivatives of a soft brain. The author shows how primitive systems of the brain that generate affective feelings influence scientific attitudes.


Penfield, Wilder. The Mystery of the Mind: A Critical Study of Consciousness and the Human Brain. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1975: 001-118, 118 pages (QP 376).
  Two elements or one? Brain as messenger, Neuronal action, Sensory motor organization, Substratum of consciousness, Electrical stimulation, Epileptic seizure, Memory, Interpretive cortex, Automatic mechanisms, Integration, Highest mechanism, Stream of consciousness, Introspection, Doubling awareness, Brain mind, Recapitulation, Man's being, Comprehensibility.


Pribram, Karl H. States and Operators. Chapter 1 in Part 1 A Two Process Mechanism of Brain Function in: Languages of the Brain: Experimental Paradoxes and Principles in Neuropsychology. Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1971: 003-025, 23 pages (QP 360).
  The unit of analysis for brain function has classically been the neuron. This chapter proposes a two process mechanism that recognizes an additional unit: the neural junction. These junctions are more than just way stations in the transmission of nerve impulses. They compose a neural state that is operated upon by arriving nerve impulses. In turn, nerve impulses generated by neurons are influenced by this state.
___. Holograms. Chapter 8 in Part 2 The Organization of Psychological Processes: Ibid.: 140-166, 27 pages.
  Feature detection and analysis by neural units and by the logic they compose are insufficient to handle all of the phenomena of perception. An additional mechanism is available in the junctional patterns of neural activity. Spatial interactions among phase relationships of neighboring junctional patterns occurs, and such interactions can display image forming proper ties akin to those of optical information processing systems - the properties of holograms.


Sheldrake, Rupert. A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation. Los Angeles: Jeremy P. Tarcher, 1981: 001-256, 256 pages (QH 325).
  The unsolved problems of biology, Three theories of morphogenesis,, The causes of form, Morphogenetic fields, The influence of past forms, Formative causation and morphogenesis, The inheritance of form, The evolution of biological forms, Movements and motor fields, Instinct and learning, The inheritance and evolution of behavior, four possible conclusions.
___. The Unsolved Problems of Biology. Chapter 1 in: Ibid.: 017-032, 16 pages.
  The background of success, The problems of morphogenesis, Behavior, Evolution, The origin of life, Limitations of physical explanation, Psychology, Parapsychology, Conclusions. This brief consideration of the outstanding problems in biology does not leave much room for thinking that they can all be solved by an exclusively mechanistic approach.
___. Four Popular Conclusions. Chapter 12 in: Ibid.: 199-208, 10 pages.
  The hypothesis of formative causation, Modified materialism, The conscious self, The creative universe, Transcendent reality. The transcendent metaphysical position affirms the causal efficacy of the conscious self, and the existence of a hierarchy of creative agencies immanent within nature, and the reality of a transcendent source of the universe.
___. Discussions. Appendix A.2 in: Ibid.: 234-247, 14 pages.
  The author has discussed his ideas with scientists all over the world. He has found that physicists tend to be more ready than biologists to entertain his ideas of formative causation. He has particularly enjoyed a series of discussions with David Bohm, the quantum physicist. A transcript of part of one of those discussions is reproduced in this part of the Appendix.


Sheldrake, Rupert. The Nature of Nature. San Francisco: New Dimensions Radio, 1991: Audio recording #1691, 60 minutes (QH 325).
  A startling new theory addresses two major unsolved problems of natural science: What is the nature of life? and, how are the shapes and instincts of living organisms determined? Sheldrake's "hypothesis of formative causation," pro poses that the form, development, and behavior of living organisms are shaped and maintained by specific fields as yet unrecognized by any science.


Sperry, Roger W. Lateral Specialization in the Surgically Separated Hemispheres. Chapter 1 in: Hemispheric Specialization and Interaction. Edited by B. Milner. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1975: 005-019, 15 pages (QP 381).
  In subjects with cerebral commissurotomy, fine differences can be measured and qualitative distinctions can be made in two distinct modes of central processing in the disconnected left and right hemispheres. It seems probable that callosal excitation serves to span and unite a single unified process with parts in each hemisphere. Out of these studies has come a modified concept of the mind brain relation in which the properties of subjective experience are conceived to be an integral part of the brain process and to play a causal role in cerebral function.


Sperry, Roger W. Consciousness, Personal Identity, and the Divided Brain. In: The Dual Brain: Hemispheric Specialization in Humans. Edited by D. Frank Benson and Eran Zaidel. New York: Guilford Press, 1985: 011-026, 16 pages (QP 385).
  The author became convinced that consciousness is better conceived as being causal in brain activity rather than noncausal. Many now accept the position that inner conscious experience per se plays a top level, causal role in brain function. Consciousness in this revised view is defined rather simply to be a holistic or emergent, functional property of high order brain activity. Our current view no longer interprets the emergent mental properties as passive correlates of cerebral activity, but rather as integral working components with causal potency.


Sperry, Roger W. The New Mentalist Paradigm and Ultimate Concern. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. Spring 1986; 29 (3): 413-422, 10 p ages (QH 301).
  I have come to reject the materialist doctrine that claims everything can be accounted for in strictly physical terms without reference to conscious forces. I now believe in the causal reality of conscious mental powers and consider subjective belief to be a potent cognitive force which, above any other, shapes the course of human affairs and events in the civilized world.


Springer, Sally P., and Deutsch, Georg. Asymmetries in the Normal Brain. Chapter 3 in: Left Brain, Right Brain. 4th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1993: 065-088, 24 pages (QP 385).
  Visual field asymmetries, Using auditory stimuli to study asymmetries, What has been learned from visual and auditory asymmetries? Theoretical issues in interpreting behavioral studies, Can attentional bias account for asymmetries? Left lookers and right lookers, Doing two things at once: Mapping functional cerebral space, New directions.
___. Hemisphericity, Education, and Altered States. Chapter 11 in: Ibid.: 271-287, 17 pages.
  Two brains, two cognitive styles? Hemisphericity; Altered states; Education and the hemispheres; Science, culture, and the corpus callosum. Human culture is a function of the corpus callosum, not so much because it interconnects "Analytic" and "Intuitive" thinking, but because every structure in the brain plays a role in human behavior, and human culture is a function of human behavior.
___. Concluding Hypotheses and Speculations. Chapter 12 in: Ibid.: 289-324, 36 pages.
  The "why" and "how" of hemispheric specialization, The nature of hemispheric specialization and callosal function, Two brains, two minds? Consciousness and the hemispheres, Is the mind body problem a dead issue? Left and right in biology and physics, Postscript.


Werntz, Deborah; Bickford, R. G.; Bloom, F. E.; and Shannahoff-Khalsa, D. S. Alternating Cerebral Hemisphere Activity and the Lateralization of Autonomic Nervous Function. Human Neurobiology. 1983; 2: 039-043, 5 pages (QP 351).
  Alternating dominance of cerebral hemisphere activity was demonstrated in humans by use of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Relative changes of electrocortical activity have a direct correlation with changes in the relative nostril dominance, the so called nasal cycle. The nasal cycle is a phenomenon where efficiency of breathing alternates predominantly through right or left nostril with a periodicity ranging from 25 to greater than 200 minutes. Relatively greater integrated EEG in one hemisphere correlates with predominant airflow in the contralateral nostril.

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